Everything about Nicomedia totally explained
Nicomedia (
Greek: Νικομήδεια, modern
İzmit) was founded by
Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the
Gulf of Astacus which opens to the
Propontis. In earlier antiquity, the city was called
Astacus or
Olbia (founded
712 BC). After being destroyed, it was rebuilt by Nicomedes I in
264 BC under the name of Nicomedia, and has ever since been one of the most important cities in northwestern
Asia Minor.
Hannibal came to Nicomedia in his final years and committed suicide in nearby Libyssa (
Diliskelesi,
Gebze). The historian
Arrian was born there. Nicomedia was the
metropolis of
Bithynia under the
Roman Empire, and
Diocletian made it the eastern capital city of the Roman Empire in
286 when he introduced the
Tetrarchy system. Nicomedia remained as the eastern (and most senior) capital of the Roman Empire until co-emperor
Licinius was defeated by
Constantine the Great at the
Battle of Chrysopolis (
Üsküdar) in
324. Constantine mainly resided in Nicomedia as his interim capital city for the next six years, until in
330 he declared the nearby
Byzantium as
Nova Roma, which eventually became known as
Constantinople (present-day
Istanbul). Constantine died in a royal villa at the vicinity of Nicomedia in
337. Owing to its position at the convergence of the Asiatic roads leading to the new capital, Nicomedia retained its importance even after the foundation of Constantinople.
However a major earthquake on 24 August,
358 caused devastation to Nicomedia and was followed by a fire which completed the catastrophe. Nicomedia was rebuilt, but on a smaller scale. In the sixth century under the emperor
Justinian the city was embellished with new public buildings.
Notable people
Further Information
Get more info on 'Nicomedia'.
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